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In the NDT programme we are taking a very broad view of what a Digital Twin might be. This is because we do not want to find ourselves in the position of being faced with a valuable opportunity and having to say “You can’t do that here because that does not meet our definition of a Digital Twin”. I think that would be absurd. So I work off a Digital Twin being a useful collection of data about something, which might be an asset or a process (or something else).
That is not to say that there are not some particular types of Digital Twin that are more tightly defined. For example, a Connected Digital Twin being one where there is measurement of the Physical Twin and active feedback from the Digital Twin to effect change in the Physical Twin. I think it makes a lot of sense to identify useful types of Digital Twin like that.