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  • A Survey of Industry Data Models and Reference Data Libraries

    To identify requirements for, and provide input to, a Foundation Data Model

    The first steps of FDM Seed project has been to survey the ontological landscape as well as to examine existing industry data models in order to determine the choice of start point for the FDM and RDL respectively.

    The two survey papers are available here on the DT Hub.

  • ___________________________

     

    Contents


    1 Introduction

    1.1 Objectives of the review 
    1.2 Structure of the review document
    1.3 Abbreviations

    2 Roadmap showing the application areas of the sources

    3 Building Information Models

    3.1 buildingSMART
    3.2 NBS Uniclass
    3.3 Brick - a uniform metadata schema for buildings
    3.4 Building Topology Ontology
    3.5 RICS data standards NEW!

    4 Graphical Information Systems

    4.1 Open Geospatial information
    4.2 PipelineML
    4.3 Geoscience information

    5 Smart cities

    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 City Geography ML
    5.3 Land and Infrastructure Conceptual Model Standard (LandInfra)
    5.4 INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community)
    5.5 iCity Transportation Planning Suite of Ontologies 376 Industrial data

    6 Industrial Data

    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 ISO 10303 (STEP) Application Protocols
    6.3 Ontology for geometry and topology
    6.4 Core Industrial data set of terms
    6.5 Modeling and Simulation information in a collaborative Systems Engineering Context (MoSSEC)

    7 Metrology and simulation

    7.1 Quality Information Framework (QIF)
    7.2 OpenDrive
    7.3 Intelligent transport systems - Terminology
    7.4 ISO/IEC JTC 1 AHG 11 “Ad Hoc Group on the Digital Twin”
    7.5 ISO/TC 184/WG 15 “Digital manufacturing” 
    7.6 Digital twin consortium 

    8 Process plant and electrical utility data

    8.1 Introduction 
    8.2 MIMOSA Common Concept Object Model (CCOM)
    8.3 EPRI Common Information Model (CIM)
    8.4 ISO 15926 Data model
    8.5 ISO 15926 Reference Data Library (RDL)
    8.6 Integrated Asset Planning Lifecycle (ILAP)

    9 General purpose product dictionaries and classification schemes

    9.1 Introduction
    9.2 eCl@ss
    9.3 ISO/IEC Common Data Dictionary (CDD)

    10 Government information model

    10.1 UK Information Exchange Standard (IES)
    10.2 US Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF)

    11 Digital twins for building and construction

    11.1 Two parallel initiatives
    11.2 International Building Performance & Data Initiative
    11.3 Real Estate Core ontology 

    12 Data models for trading

    12.1 Two parallel initiatives
    12.2 Linux Foundation’s Cloud Information Model  NEW!
    12.3 Microsoft’s Common Data Model  NEW!

    Appendix A

    A Survey of Industry Data Models and Reference Data Libraries database
    Acknowledgements

  •  

    Version control

    Version

    		Version date

    Comments

    V 1 17/11/2020 Initial publication
    V 1.1 10/02/2021 Addition of:
    • 10.2 - US Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) 
    • 11.2 - International Building Performance & Data Initiative 
    • 11.3 - Real Estate Core ontology
    V 1.2 26/05/2021

    Addition of 3.5 - RICS data standards; the following figures have been added with a temporary numbering:
    Figure 3.5.1. - Outline of the RICS IPMS schema
    Figure 3.5.2 - Outline of the RICS ICMS schema - railway project
    Figure 3.5.3 - Outline of the RICS ICMS schema - building project

    Section 2

    • Roadmap showing the application areas of the sources - updated with areas which do no fit easily into the Application areas of the industry data models and libraries diagram
    • Update on the diagram (addition of the RICS data standards)

    Addition of Section 12 - RICS data standards; the following figures have been added with a temporary numbering:
    Figure 12.1. - Data models for trading and industrial data models
    Figure 12.2 – Scope of the Cloud Information Model
    Figure 12.3 - Entity-relationship diagram for a sales order
    Figure 12.4 - Common Data Model subject areas

    Addition of Section 13 - Life Cycle Assessment; the following figures have been added with a temporary numbering:
    Figure 13.1 - European Platform on Life Cycle Assessment
    Figure 13.2 - Flows into and out of an activity
    Figure 13.3 - Flows from and to the environment
    Figure 13.4 - Life Cycle Impact
    Figure 13.5 - ISO 14048 data categories
    Figure 13.6 - ILCD process data set
    Figure 13.7 - ILCD impact assessment data set
    Figure 13.8 - ILCD handbook

    Addition of Section 14 - Telecommunication ontologies for digital twins; the following figures have been added with a temporary numbering:

    Figure 14.1 - Summary of digital twin ontologies
    Figure 14.2 - Monitoring the state of a washing machine
    Figure 14.3 - Switch on a washing machine
    Figure 14.4 - Set the intensity of a light
    Figure 14.5 - The oneM2M base ontology

    Figure 14.6 - SAREF and its extensions
    Figure 14.7 - Summary of the SAREF model
    Figure 14.8 - SAREF Profile
    Figure 14.9 - GeoSPARQL core
    Figure 14.10 - SAREF4CITY feature

    Figure 14.11 - SAREF4CITY agent    
    Figure 14.12 - SAREF4BLDG core
    Figure 14.13 - SAREF4BLDG device
    Figure 14.14 - NGSI-LD information model
    Figure 14.15 - NGSI-LD domain extension example

     

  • 1. Introduction 

    1.1 Objectives of the review 

    The review of existing industry data models and reference data libraries will support the development of the National Digital Twin Information Management Framework.  The review will have different roles during the development.  The envisaged roles are as follows: 

    existing industry data models and reference data libraries are identified:  Their scopes are summarised so that their relevance to the National Digital Twin can be evaluated.  The scope of the National Digital Twin will grow over time, and the scopes for existing data models defined by organizations such as OCG (Open Geospatial Consortium) or bSI (Building Smart International) may be a guide. 

    the structure of the models and libraries is summarised:  Most of the models and libraries do not claim to be based upon a formal Top-Level Ontology (TLO).  Instead the models have been developed pragmatically over years, and have been validated by practice.  Development of the National Digital Twin will require an understanding of how the structures of the existing models relate to the chosen Top-Level Ontology. 

    the extensibility of the models is described:  The maintenance of an industry data model of broad scope requires continual extensions.  The extensions in different areas may be carried out by different teams, so extension methodologies have been developed.  The approach to extensions may be relevant to the development of the National Digital Twin. 

    the documentation of the models is described:  For industry data models of broad scope, managing the documentation is a challenge.  The ease with which a domain expert can understand the IT solution is evaluated.  There may be lessons for the documentation of the National Digital Twin. 

    the maintenance and usage of the models is described:  Models that are maintained by a long-lasting organization, and that have a significant level of industrial usage will persist alongside the National Digital Twin.  Interfaces between the National Digital Twin and these models may be required. 

    1.2 Structure of the review document 

    1.2.1 Application areas 

    The review document has sections for application areas as follows: 

    1. Buildings 
    2. Geospatial - things in the landscape 
    3. Manufactured things 
    4. Process plants and networks 

    There are substantial overlaps between these areas.  Buildings and process plants are assemblies of manufactured things.  Buildings and process plants exist within the landscape.   

    Previous work on integrating building model with geospatial models is discussed in the Geospatial section. 

    Work on the internet of things, on metrology, and previous work on digital twins is discussed in the Manufactured things section. 

    1.2.2 Models within application areas 

    For each of the industrial data models and reference data libraries within an application area, there is the following subsections: 

    1. Defining organization 
    2. Objectives and scope 
    3. Structure of the model 
    4. Extensibility 
    5. Documentation 
    6. Maintenance and usage 

  •  

    1.3 Abbreviations 

    AP  

    Application Protocol  

    ASAM  

    Association for Standardization of Automation and Measuring Systems  

    BIM  

    Building Information Modelling  

    BOD  

    Business Object Document  

    bSI  

    Building Smart International  

    CCOM  

    Common Concept Object Model  

    CIM  

    Common Information Model  

    CDD  

    Common Data Dictionary  

    CGI  

    Commission for the application and management of Geoscience Information  

    DoDAF  

    Department of Defense Architecture Framework 

    DMSC  

    Digital Metrology Standards Consortium  

    DTC  

    Digital Twin Consortium  

    EPRI  

    Electrical Power Research Institute  

    GIS  

    Geographic Information System  

    GML  

    Geographic Markup Language  

    IBPDI 

    International Building Performance & Data Initiative 

    IEC  

    International Electro-technical Commission  

    IES 

    Information Exchange Standard 

    IDBE  

    Integrated Digital Built Environment  

    IFC  

    Industry Foundation Class  

    IFCD  

    INSPIRE Feature Concept Dictionary  

    ILAP  

    Integrated Lifecycle Asset Planning  

    IMF  

    Information Management Framework  

    INSPIRE  

    Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community  

    ISO  

    International Standardization Organization  

    ISA  

    International Society of Automation  

    IUGS  

    International Union of Geological Sciences  

    LOD  

    Level Of Detail  

    LOTAR  

    Long Term Archiving and Retrieval  

    MBD  

    Model Based Definition  

    MESA  

    Manufacturing Enterprise Solutions Association  

    MIMOSA  

    formerly Machinery Information Management Open System Alliance, now just a name  

    NBS  

    formerly National Building Specification, now just a name  

    OAGi  

    Open Applications Group Inc.  

    OGC  

    Open Geospatial Consortium  

    OGI  

    Oil and Gas Interoperability  

    OPC  

    Open Platform Communications  

    O&M  

    Operations and Maintenance  

    PDM  

    Product Data Management  

    QIF  

    Quality Information Framework  

    RDL  

    Reference Data Library  

    SCADA  

    Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition  

    SMRL  

    STEP Module and Resource Library  

    STEP  

    STandard for the Exchange of Product data  

    SWE  

    Sensor Web Enablement  

    TLO  

    Top-Level Ontology  

    VOIP 

    Voice Over Internet Protocol 

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